Oiled filled transformers is a device with core and windings being totally immersed in oil. Oil functions as insulator or heat/cooling transfer medium for controlling stray currents. It comprises multiple components that ensure its proper operation and functionality (Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty, 2011). Oil filled transformer consists of Transformer Tank, High Voltage Bushing and Low Voltage Bushing, Radiator or Cooling fins, Cooling Fans, Conservator Tank, Drain Valve, Dehydrating Breather, Pressure Gauges or Oil Temperature, Bushing Current Transformers, and Control Panel.
The Transformer Tank holds the transformer insulating medium and windings. High Voltage Bushing is terminals where the transformer primary windings terminate. The Low Voltage Bushing is the terminals where the secondary windings terminate. Radiators and cooling fins are used for the dissipation of the heat generated in the oil-insulation. Cooling fans are attached to the transformer cooling fins (ABB, 2012). The Conservator Tanks serves as a preservation system which isolates the oil from the atmosphere. It is carried out with the help of auxiliary tank which is partially filled with oil and attached to the main tank. The Drain valve drains oil from the device. Dehydrating Breather is used to reduce oil degeneration and ensure insulation capability of the liquid (Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty, 2011). Pressure gauges aim at monitoring the windings whereas the Bushing Current Transformers meet and relay purposes.
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A power transformer includes windings which are arranged around a magnetic core. The windings, harness structure, and core form the active part. The electrical designer dimensions the active part by running multiple simulations and calculations. Once the active part is designed, the mechanical designer produces the structural tank which comprises the active part. The tank protects the active part from the environmental conditions that it will be exposed to. The size of the tank and the active size are based on the power rating of the transformer and the voltage level. The higher the transformer voltage level is, the larger the external and internal clearances will be. The large power rating will have higher requirement for the active part cooling system. All the mechanical and electrical concepts are usually discussed during the design concept presentation.
