Introduction
The global contribution of energy efficiency toward buildings has consistently grown from 20 to 40% in developed countries and outmatched the other major sectors such as transportation and industries. Population growth, new criteria for building designs, satisfaction degree and increase in indoor activities within the building have given raise to energy consumption in Hotel Buildings as of late. An increasing concern about energy consumption is likely to contribute adverse environmental effects which make it important to improve energy efficiency of buildings (Chung et al., 2015;Lu et al., 2013;Xin et al., 2012). The energy efficiency of buildings has always been measured by the large ratio of total energy consumed in the society. More stringent demands for comfortable buildings are being made due to increasing standard of living, which amount to high rate of energy consumption. In 2010, total energy consumption in China was estimated for 20.9 percent of building energy consumption (Chung et al., 2015). Public building as a major type of building can significantly influence the degree of building energy consumption. Hotels among public building are unique for various reasons which are: (I) Facilities combination and functions such as restaurants, business center, guest room, high quality indoor and outdoor environment etc. (II) Continual heating and cooling demands based on 24 h per day operation (III) domestic hot water(DHW) is required 24 h per day. As a result, energy consumption is typical in hotel buildings than other types of public buildings. The sum annual average power consumption for air conditioning systems is more than 1.34 and 2 times greater for hotel buildings than other kind of public buildings (Chung et al., 2015;Li et al; 2015).
The value of annual average energy consumption indicators varies greatly both in different region at same time and same region at different time. And the annual average energy consumption per gross floor area is relative to climate and the country’s level of development. Meanwhile, hotels in an extremely cold region and hot areas with lengthy cold winter or hot and humid summer, consume more energy than those in relatively temperate regions. So, it’s expected to estimate the influence of climatic condition on total electric energy consumption in order to promote energy efficient measures for hotel buildings in Kyrenia, North Cyprus
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Statement of the Problem
Unlike many other types of buildings, hotel buildings are unique due to the variety of facilities and functions provided, and operational schedules. Apart from guest rooms, there are restaurants, kitchens, function rooms, car parks, retail outlets, swimming pools, etc. A hotel is normally operated for 24 h, all year around, although part of the building such as ballroom or restaurant might be closed during specific periods in a day (Deng et al., 2000, Hatice, 2010). Meanwhile, energy performance of hotel buildings is relative to the facilities used, functions and service operation. In various parts of the world, energy efficiency in building hotels has been reported in large volumes (Lu et al., 2013, Deng et al., 2000). And a growing concern has been addressed regarding the high amount of energy consume in hotels (Lu et al., 2013). The rapid development of tourist industry, lead to the construction of more hotel buildings owing to high consumption of electrical energy. Furthermore, it is reported that electrical energy consumption can be reduced through architectural building designs of hotels which regulate its functions and operation. Presently, the status of hotel building energy efficiency has not been reported in North Cyprus therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the energy consumption in Kyrenia hotels through energy efficient perspective.
Research Aim and Objectives
Based on findings energy efficiency in Kyrenia city hotels include electricity, gas and diesel, but consumption is dominated by electricity. The usage of gas and diesel are specific. Gas is primarily use for cookingin the kitchens, but solar power system is used for hot water most times while some use electric heater. HVAC system is a major consumer of electricityin public buildings, especially in hotels and retail sector. And also, electricity is use to operate all building engineering machines,HVAC, lighting and other electrical appliances. However, this study aim to determine how energy efficiency and consumption can be minimized in hotel building through choosing of electrical appliances.
Purpose of the Research
The purpose of this research is to determine energy efficiency in modern hotels building of Kyrenia by identifying the following
1. The energy consuming building components which is critical from the builder’s perspective in order to examine the possibilities of reducing building energy utilization
2. The Building features and operational characteristics contributing to the variations in hotel electrical energy efficiency
3. The Electrical energy consumption characteristics of hotel buildings in Kyrenia and also, to assess the potential for electrical energy saving which might help in building cost and energy consumption
4. The Comparison of annual electrical consumption and costs among various hotel buildings in Kyrenia
5. The relationships between electrical consumption and weather conditions to the design of hotel buildings.
Significance of the Study
Kyrenia is a major center of attraction in TRNC due to its cultural and economic importance, also considered to be the touristic capital of Northern Cyprus. It is home to numerous hotels, a vibrant nightlife activities and a busy seaport. It annual culture and arts festival is usually participated by hundreds of artists and performers. According to Turkish Cypriot Chamber of Architect and Engineers 2007, Kyrenia city has become fastest developing area in term of building construction. As of 2003 the borders were opened the boom happened only after the gate opened and the city experienced construction boom due to positive response created by United Nations. Between 2001 and 2003, construction cases increased per year by more than three times and many properties were sold to foreigners. The construction increase resulted in the building of numerous apartments, hotels and housing estates. Nevertheless, research conducted in other countries pinpoint that hotels are among the most energy intensive of all building categories. As a result, their energy use and ecological impact can be quite huge, especially in popular tourist destinations. Therefore, this study helps to understand the influence of energy efficiency on Kyrenia hotels based on electrical energy estimation analysis. And also, the contribution of architectural designs on energy consumption pattern since energy consumed by hotels in Kyrenia includes electricity, gas and diesel, but consumption is assumed to be dominated by electricity.
Furthermore, this study would provide some practical information about the techniques for saving energy potential. To the best of my knowledge, there are currently no empirical studies investigating the relationship between energy efficiency and hotel buildings in TRNC .Thus, this study is the first of its kind as it investigates the continuing imbalance relationship between hotel buildings development and energy consumption in TRNC. As the reliable supply of energy, especially electric energy, continues to grow in importance, the potential impact of energy efficiency cannot be overemphasized. With the trend of available technologies, efficiency stands ready to play a significant role in the energy equation
