Topic: Favor of Electric Vehicles.
General Purpose: To argue
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"Argumentative Speech Outline: Favor of Electric Vehicles".
Specific Purpose: Today, I am going to argue in favor of electric vehicles.
Central Idea/ Thesis Statement: The favor of electric cars, (1) electric cars save more money than gas cars because the gas is more expensive than electricity, (2) electric cars are better for the environment, and (3) some people say electric cars are unsafe, but I will show how electric cars are safe.
Introduction
I) As people who drive, we as students are put into the unenviable position of having to choose between all of the great options at our disposal today.
A) Gas-powered vehicles are more popular, and all of the relevant advertising points us to using these cars over the cars that might be better for us.
1) Lack of access to electric vehicles and to charging stations can make things difficult.
2) There is a certain amount of momentum associated with gas-powered cars, since those are the cars that we have seen our parents drive for the entirety of our lives.
B) We are, however, very educated, and thus we are able to make decisions not based upon what we have always done, but based upon what might be better for us over time.
II) I will admit that I use a gas-powered car, but I recognize that the future is trending toward electric.
A) Gas-powered vehicles are difficult to escape in today’s world.
1) Electric cars make up only just less than one-percent of the vehicle market in the US.
2) However, electric cars are growing dramatically in market share over the last few years.
B) The future trends heavily toward electric vehicles, as more technology is being put into place to make it easier for people to own them and use them, including plug-in stations.
1) Many more hotels and restaurants are installing plug-in stations to make electric vehicles more convenient.
III) Electric cars are a better choice than gas-powered cars for three different reasons
A) Electric cars provide long-term and short-term cash savings, which can be important to all people, especially students.
B) Electric cars are much better for the environment overall, with sustainability and emissions concerns being abated.
C) Electric cars are better overall on safety, and will continue to get better as new technology arises.
Internal Summary: While electric cars may not have much momentum, and there may be some implementation concerns at the current time, there are many reasons why these vehicles make much more sense, especially for people who are concerned about saving money or the environment.
Body
I) Electric cars will save more money than normal vehicles because electricity is cheaper than gasoline.
A) On average, electric vehicles can ‘fill up’ for around $1.14 per gallon.
B) On average, gas vehicles can ‘fill up’ for around $2.60 per gallon.
1) Gas vehicles can suffer from more variable pricing, as gas prices have been as high as $4.00 per gallon over the last five years.
2) Depending upon the gas mileage statistics of the vehicles, electric vehicles can provide even greater savings. For people who drive gas powered vehicles that have less than 25 miles per gallon, the savings of electric vehicles are even greater.
3) According to the web page zacks.com written by Wilhelm Schnotz, Demand Media ‘You need a baseline of comparison to determine how much you spend per mile in your current gasoline-fueled vehicle. Start by determining your car’s gas mileage. Record the odometer reading when you completely fill your tank. When you refuel, divide the number of miles between fill-ups by the amount of gas you bought. For example, if you drove 200 miles and put in 10.0 gallons of gas, your car gets 20 miles per gallon, commonly abbreviated as mpg. Divide the cost of a gallon of gas by your mpg to determine your cost per mile. If gas costs $3.50 a gallon, your 20 mpg car costs 17.5 cents per mile in fuel costs to operate.’
C) Electric cars provide long-term maintenance cost savings
1) The cost of major engine repair for the average vehicle can be anywhere from $4,000 to $8,000.
2) The cost of major engine repair or replacement for a luxury vehicle, such as the Mercedes S-Class, can be in the $14,000 to $20,000 range. Electric vehicles do not feature this sort of engine repair cost, which can provide major savings over the life of a vehicle for people who decide to own over the long term. Battery replacement in the electric vehicle is a major cost, which can be as much as $10,000 to $15,000 in some cases. This does present a higher cost for the electric vehicle owner, but over the life of a vehicle, the savings will still make the electric car a better deal, especially for those who drive more.
Internal Summary: Electric cars might present some difficulties when it comes to purchasing them up front or replacing the battery, but there are enough other savings to make them a good financial choice for people who find themselves on a budget.
II) Electric cars are much better for the environment.
A) Electric cars have the ability to provide a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
1) If sixty-percent of vehicles were operating on the electric grid rather than on gas, it would be possible to see a one-third drop in carbon emissions for the United States.
2) Even in those places where the source of electricity is coal, which is not particularly clean, there is a 30-percent drop in carbon emissions from the use of electric vehicles.
B) Electric cars operate on a type of energy that is much more renewable than gasoline.
1) Gas is an expendable resource that is not sustainable over the long run. Eventually, the world will run out of its gas reserves, even though the date when this will happen is in some ways under debate at current.
2) Electric cars, along with solar powered cars, provide options that could potentially become sustainable over time, as scientists work to find new ways to use this renewable energy.
3) Using electricity for cars can free up oil to be used for other critical uses, including in manufacturing, putting less strain on the overall oil supply.
Internal Summary: Electric cars are not perfect, because burning electricity is also an environmental issue, but they do present a much better option than burning fuel, which is why they are favored by people who care about the environment.
III) Electric cars provide safety benefits when they are constructed using modern design techniques
A) Electric cars do not exceed the recommend dose of electromagnetic energy that experts say is safe for human exposure.
1) Studies conducted across seven different countries found that the EMF emissions in electric cars were less than the twenty-percent figure that is considered safe for human exposure.
2) Previous studies that brought about this concern were wrongly done, testing the exposure very close to the battery and only right when a vehicle was started. In more appropriate tests, it becomes clear that these vehicles do not present an electric risk.
B) Electric cars are less likely to suffer from large, damaging fires
1) One of the biggest risks of gas-powered cars comes from fire, as gasoline is concentrated in a highly flammable tank.
2) Because electric cars do not feature these tanks, they lessen some of the risk of fire and burn problems.
C) Electric cars have fewer moving, mechanical parts, and thus, are less likely to suffer major mechanical problems on the road.
1) Many accidents occur when vehicles break down while in use, especially when transmissions and engines give out.
2) Because electric cars have fewer parts, they are less likely to feature these mechanical failures.
Internal Summary: As the technology surrounding electric cars becomes much better, it is likely that the safety aspects of the electric car will continue to improve, outpacing the gas-powered car in all likelihood.
Conclusion
I) In conclusion, I have discussed three reasons why electric cars are a better choice than gas-powered cars.
A) Electric cars can save money for drivers and for society over the long run.
B) Electric cars are better for the environment, cutting down on the number of carbon emissions in the environment.
C) Electric cars can be even safer than gas-powered cars, especially when today’s technology is used to construct them.
II) Hopefully now that this information is presented, more people will come to see the efficacy of choosing these vehicles over gas-powered cars.
- Funk, Karina, and Ari Rabl. “Electric versus conventional vehicles: social costs and benefits in France.”‘Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment’4.6 (1999): 397-411.
- Hawkins, Troy R., Ola Moa Gausen, and Anders Hammer Str’mman. “Environmental impacts of hybrid and electric vehicles’a review.”‘The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment’17.8 (2012): 997-1014.
- Litman, Todd. “Transportation cost and benefit analysis.”‘Victoria Transport Policy Institute'(2009): 1-19.
- Prud’homme, R’my, and Martin Koning. “Electric vehicles: A tentative economic and environmental evaluation.”‘Transport Policy’23 (2012): 60-69.
- Simpson, Andrew.’Cost-benefit analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle technology. Golden: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2006.
