A reading of Plato’s concept of the “good life” can seem like a justification of the philosopher and the philosopher’s role, as he saw it. To Plato, living the good life meant following an ethical code, and living according to moral ideas that the individual has arrived at through learning....
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The argument that a necessarily perfect dog must exist works in three steps each of which can be understood to possess particular presuppositions. To begin with, the argument presupposes “perfection” as something that may be divided into a variety of conceivable predicates and that each of these predicate may be...
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The two works selected for this paper, Plato’s The Republic, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract, initially appear to be worlds away from one another; however, a close examination of the two works reveals far more similarities than differences between the two societies depicted. Plato wrote about the circumstances in...
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In Part IV of Descartes' Discourse on the Method, the author begins by rigorously identifying his starting point: he will trust neither his senses, nor his previous logical proofs, nor his own thoughts regardless of his mental state. He immediately recognizes, however, that the fact that he is thinking implies...
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The question of ‘aesthetic relativism’ has been raised a long time ago and did not receive any commonly agreed, standard response. Why do we consider some things ‘cute’ and some – ‘ugly’? It is only a matter of personal tastes of individuals or groups of individuals who decide whether those...
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One of the central philosophical issues for the respective philosophical schools of Epicureans, Stoics and Skeptics is the question of ethics, or, as Melchert phrases it, the question of happiness. All three schools offer radically different conceptions of what ethics and the good life entails. For the Epicureans, and in...
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Legal positivism is a philosophical theory that holds that the foundation of law determines all positive social norms. Thus, it is socially constructed and mandated by the legislation. For instance case law and common law are forms of legal norms, and by following these laws one will be considered right...
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Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philologist and philosopher but it was as a philosopher that he achieved world renown. His work on morality, religion and philosophy were regarded with no great significance in his own lifetime but he was to achieve posthumously great fame or infamy depending on...
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People vary considerably in their physical attributes. Some scholars believe that, as will be described below, all attributes of life can be captured by physicalism. The author of the "Epiphenomenal Qualia", however, explains the falsity of physicalism through giving an example of an experiment of Frank. To be able to...
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Avicenna is best known for his contribution to various philosophical topics in the Muslim world. Like almost philosophers, Avicenna dedicated a considerable amount of time researching on topics such as ontology, logic, epistemology, psychology, and metaphysics. Commonly known as Ibn Sina, he used his Muslim background to establish his views...
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I feel that one of the greatest gifts that one can give to another human being is to teach another individual invaluable knowledge. However, teaching is more than just spewing out information by writing ideas and concepts on the board. As a teacher, it is important to keep in mind...
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As Rorty stated, "reality (is) shaped by the discourse from within" (Isaacs, Ploeg, & Tompkins, 2009, p. 82); nursing is steeped heavily in the biological sciences, but the biological sciences are too shaped by that which is within, up to and including through the practitioner"s moral and philosophical approaches to...
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According to Nietzsche, both the ego and the will comprise the tools of an individual body. Although they help the body to react to a particular situation, the influence they spread is significantly different. According to Nietzsche, the ego functions to think and evaluate certain situations, and gives the final...
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People have various perceptions about good things. This is because some people value things that others do not. However, there are things that are always seen to be good in life by all people. These are the most sought things and they are associated with increasing the quality of life....
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Socrates was a great promoter of ethical values among the Athenians and genuinely believed that our inner beliefs and considerations comprise the core of human ethics. According to Plato, Socrates saved the souls of Athenians for decades through his public speeches and lectures. In particular, he showed Athenians the true...
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Quine writings founded the discipline of naturalistic epistemology. While this approach was opposed to all traditional epistemological perspectives it was most especially opposed to Cartesian rationalism. While Quine virtually never mentions apriority it is clear that he is committed to opposing the view that some epistemic justification is apriori, or...
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As humanity continually struggles to find support for thinking and behaviors, it turns to ethical theories that justify or explain these critical concerns. There is no limit to the subjects addressed by these theories, which have evolved over thousands of years. At the same time, they appear to meet a...
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When Rhonda finds herself forced to choose between gossiping about her friends and alienating her co-workers, she faces an ethical dilemma. Because workplace gossip can seem unifying and may keep employees operating smoothly together, refusing to engage in such chatter might mean breaking the peace and might make working alongside...
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John Locke and Mary Wollstonecraft were both advocates for human rights. Both philosophers attempted to express their views and get others to understand their views by writing philosophical treatises. John Locke embraced the theme of equality and the need to separate church and state. Wollstonecraft focused on women’s rights and...
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Sophocles, Plato and Aristotle were each Greek philosophers who had very definitive ideas on education. Their respective philosophies were built on the premise of the importance of education. They believed education was the foundation upon which effective social behavior was developed. In this paper, each of the philosophers will be...
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Socrates, arguably one of the greatest philosophers of all time, was accused, tried, and convicted of not only corrupting and leading astray the youth of Athens, he was convicted of conspiring against the state and the gods of the state. It was not right that he was convicted of all...
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The appeal to authority is problematic from the perspective of reasoning, in so far as there is a problem regarding what legitimizes the authority in question. For example, one could refer to a scientific study that makes a certain conclusion. However, this, firstly, presupposes the validity of the methodology used...
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That democracy in the Greek culture of the 5th century BCE was qualified is a matter of record. The society valued more republican ideals, in that the individual's best interests – and freedom – were perceived as inextricably connected to the well-being of collectives, as in family, peers, and the...
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Throughout the development of his thought about the concept of beauty, Plato is consistent in showing that it is something that exists within a nondiscursive dimension that interacts with, affects and is affected by the discursive. It is a place where the two dimensions are required to meet and their...
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Plato: I’d rather have it stated that knowledge has to be acquired from physical substance. One has to feel the form in order to perceive his or her own environment to construct knowledge. Aristotle: Why would there have to be substantial element in knowledge. It is the mind that perceives...
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