Double Loop theory of organization was proposed by Chris Argyris. It is based on the act of learning to change assumptions and longstanding values. As such, Jaaron and Backhouse (2017) explain that it seeks to deal with dealing with, and solving ill-structured and complicated challenges that keep changing in the course of problem-solving. Double Loop was anchored on “theory of action”. This proposition approaches reality from the understanding that human beings are the actors. Theory of action is behind changes in leadership, behavior, and values (Jaaron & Backhouse, 2017). To better understand Double Loop theory, it is important to understanding the premises of theory of action. Theory of action distinguishes between what people want to do and what they end up doing. The reconciliation of these two facades is what gives rise to congruence; the main idea of Double Loop Learning theory according to Jaaron and Backhouse (2017).
Action learning entails a number of steps to it. Firstly, one has to discover the theory in use (what they will do) and the espoused theory (what they wish to do). Next, there has to be new meanings created (Banta, 2011). After that, it proposes producing new actions, and lastly the results are generalized. In Double Loop Learning, each of these steps will be applied. As a premise, this theory involves the questioning of the previous underlying assumptions, as well as testing of hypotheses regarding behavior. The aim of the Double Loop Learning theory is to enhance efficiency in decision-making. Similarly, it also aims at better acknowledgment of failure and mistakes (Argyris, 1993).
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In conclusion, in Double Loop Learning theory, Argyris (1977) suggests a form of learning through detecting and correcting errors. Argyris showed that when something is wrong, many people will look at the given rules, plans, and goals. To him, these variables should be questioned instead.
- Argyris, C. (1977). Double loop learning in organizations. Harvard Business Review, 55(5), 115- 125.
- Argyris, C. (1993). Knowledge for Action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
- Banta, T. W. (2011). Double Loop Learning in Assessment. Assessment Update, 23(3), 3-15.
- Jaaron, A., & Backhouse, C. (2017). Operationalising ‘Double-Loop’ Learning in Service Organisations: A Systems Approach for Creating Knowledge. Systemic Practice & Action Research, 30(4), 317-337
